Understanding Maize’s Nutritional Needs

In the quest for agricultural excellence, the role of nutrition in maize cultivation cannot be overstated. A well-fertilized maize crop is the cornerstone of not just a bountiful harvest, but also of the sustainability and efficiency of modern farming practices. Understanding the delicate balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – the pivotal macronutrients in maize fertilization – is crucial for farmers who aim to maximize their yield while minimizing environmental impact.

Maize is a heavy nutrient user and requires good fertility management to get the top performance from your seed. 

There are several key mineral elements that play an important role when growing maize. By applying an optimum supply of fertiliser and nutrients you help your MAS Seeds corn hybrids achieve the yield potential. 

Nitrogen (N) – The Growth Driver

Nitrogen supply is the main limiting factor for maize production. Traditionally, the maize growth period aligns with the time that organic matter mineralisation is optimum. This is particularly true if water is not a limiting factor. 

It is strongly recommended that the nitrogen applications should be in stages as the maize crop absorbs practically no nitrogen during the first month of growth. Between 20 and 50 units should be given at the sowing stage and be completed at the 7-8 leaf stage. Once at the 8-leaf stage the maize must have a sufficient quantity of N.  

Nitrogen Formula

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The maize growth period coincides with the time when organic matter mineralization is optimum, particularly if water is not a limiting factor.

Nitrogen Needs
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Nitrogen requirement for yield target


Nitrogen available in the soil

To achieve target potential yields you’ll need to know your soil types and test your soil to find the available N reserves. Here are some guidelines.

Soil benchmarking and Fertilizer Application

Nitrogen needs according to the potential

Some benchmarks : estimation of nitrogen doses to be applied to grain maize (in situations not receiving an organic input)

Nitrogen Fertiliser Application


Nitrogen units in 100 kg
  • no
Use After Maize Emergence
  • General (Broadcast) Application
  • Targeted Application
  • In-soil (Burial) Application

Nitrogen units in 100 kg
  • 27% or 33.5% Nitrogen
  • 50% Nitrates
  • 50% Ammonia
Use After Maize Emergence
  • Not recommended after 5 leaf stage – causes burns
  • Recommended
  • Recommended, especially if the ground is dry

Nitrogen units in 100 kg
  • 82 of which 100% ammonia
Use After Maize Emergence
  • No
  • Mandatory: Avoid application on excessively dry soils (volatilization) and excessively damp soils (soil smoothing and evaporation of ammonia)
  • Mandatory: Avoid application on excessively dry soils (volatilization) and excessively damp soils (soil smoothing and evaporation of ammonia)

Nitrogen units in 100 kg
  • 39 U of N per 100l
    -25% nitrates
    -25% ammonia
    -50% urea
Use After Maize Emergence
  • No
  • Mandatory: uses down tubes
  • Mandatory: Recommended

Phosphorus (P) for Root Development and Energy Transfer

Phosphorus is crucial for maize, facilitating vital functions from root development to energy transfer. It ensures a robust root system and efficient nutrient uptake, directly influencing yield and crop resilience. Yet, precision is key. Proper phosphorus levels, determined by soil tests, prevent environmental impact and promote sustainable growth. Balancing this nutrient is not just good practice—it’s a cornerstone of successful maize farming.

Potassium (K) – The Quality Enhancer

Potassium is the unsung hero in maize cultivation, integral for enhancing crop quality. It regulates water uptake and defends against diseases, directly impacting the plant’s stress tolerance and overall health. With judicious potassium management, farmers can elevate their maize crop’s robustness, ensuring a quality yield. It’s the nutrient that fortifies maize against the elements, making it a staple in precision agriculture.

Maize crops use a small amounts of the phosphorous and potassium (potassic) fertilizers applied during the growing season. Phosphorous (P) use is 0.6 kg P205/q of grain and the potash (K) uptake is 0.5 kg K20/q of grain.

Benchmarks for Phosphorus and Potassium Requirements

The future of farming

As we turn the page on traditional, one-size-fits-all fertilization programs, we embrace a more enlightened approach to maize nutrition—one that is tailored, responsive, and informed by the latest in agronomic science. The future of farming calls for a deepened respect for our natural resources and a commitment to the stewardship that begins with the seeds we sow and ends with the crops we harvest.

Embrace the insights shared here, and let them guide you to make informed fertilization choices that will yield abundant harvests and sustain our precious agricultural landscapes for generations to come. Remember, the most fruitful yields are reaped when knowledge and nature work in harmony.

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